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EY changes Nightfall blockchain from optimistic rollups to ZK rollups Big Four accounting firm EY has introduced zero-knowledge (ZK) rollups to its Ethereum layer-2 blockchain, Nightfall, which was previously based on optimistic rollups, according to Cointelegraph. This update

The 47th U.S. President, Donald Trump, is set to make a major announcement today, unveiling a wide-reaching tariff initiative labeled “reciprocal,” designed to address what he describes as years of inequitable trade conduct by both friendly nations and rivals alike. At its core, a tariff is a government-imposed tax or duty applied to imported goods—and in rare cases, exports. These charges can take the form of a flat fee or be calculated ad valorem, meaning they’re determined as a percentage of the item’s declared value. Trump asserts that the tariffs will free the U.S. economy from reliance on overseas products, bring manufacturing jobs back home, and shrink the trade gap. Proposed rates span from a flat 20% across all imports to customized percentages based on the exporting country. Prior reports indicate that foreign automobiles and car parts are already set to face a 25% tariff beginning Thursday. According to ABC News, on April 1, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt addressed reporters, stating: April 2, 2025, will go down as one of the most important days in modern American history. Skepticism surrounding the tariff proposal runs deep among Democrats, economists, and market analysts alike. Investor sentiment has wavered, with Goldman Sachs raising its probability of a recession to 35% in light of possible economic disruptions. Experts caution that the tariffs could drive up consumer costs, unravel supply networks, and invite retaliatory actions from foreign governments—raising the specter of a global trade conflict or a potential recession in the U.S. economy. Although many point out that the cost of imported goods is likely to climb, the Trump administration is urging consumers to pivot toward domestic alternatives. “Liberation Day,” as it’s been named, is still being refined, according to the White House press secretary, who emphasized that Trump is ensuring “this is a perfect deal for the American people and the American worker.” Until now, each instance in which tariffs were proposed or even hinted at by Trump toward foreign nations has sent global markets—including equities and crypto assets—into sharp, unpredictable motion. “The crypto market is jittery in anticipation of ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs today, despite the fact that these tariffs have zero direct impact on crypto or blockchain projects,” Chris Chung the founder and CEO of Solana swap platform Titan, told Bitcoin.com News. “For weeks now, token prices have been driven by a general sense of unease about the macro environment, which just shows that crypto is still overwhelmingly seen by investors as a highly volatile tech stock – and will remain so for the time being.” The Titan executive added: Increasingly, it seems like the POTUS is willing to accept the short-term pain of tariffs for the perceived long-term gain it will bring. This is pushing up inflation expectations, and if inflation does start getting out of hand, all risk assets will suffer. BTC/USD on April 2, 2025, at 10:38 a.m. ET. Hours before Trump’s announcement. On April 2, bitcoin (BTC) climbed from the $84,600 range to $85,800 by 10:30 a.m. ET on Wednesday. The top cryptocurrency has gained 2.66% over the past 24 hours. Meanwhile, the broader crypto market has advanced by 2.11% ahead of Trump’s announcement, bringing its total valuation to $2.75 trillion. Stocks have wobbled, with the Nasdaq, S&P 500, Dow Jones, and NYSE all posting slight declines. Gold has inched up 0.37%, trading at $3,126 per ounce, reflecting a more measured tempo ahead of the “Liberation Day” blueprint reveal. “Nervousness about the incoming wave of U.S. tariffs has kept the FTSE 100 in the red, as investors assess the UK vulnerability and the knock-on effects for the global economy,” Susannah Streeter, head of money and markets at Hargreaves Lansdown told Bitcoin.com News in a market note. “The S&P 500 also opened on the back foot but has clawed back some ground. Concerns continue to swirl about stagflation taking hold in the U.S., given that tariffs are expected to push up consumer prices and act as a drag on growth, and worries ricochet about further turmoil ahead.” Markets appear to be faring better today, largely because investors anticipate clearer direction from Trump’s remarks later this afternoon. However, this recent uptick and relative calm could swiftly unravel once the full details of his plan are made public. The day prior, the White House stated that Trump has “made up his mind” on tariffs, adding his assurance that “Wall Street will be just fine.” Whether that confidence holds remains an open question. 免责声明：本文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本平台的立场和观点。本文章仅供信息分享，不构成对任何人的任何投资建议。用户与作者之间的任何争议，与本平台无关。如网页中刊载的文章或图片涉及侵权，请提供相关的权利证明和身份证明发送邮件到support@aicoin.com，本平台相关工作人员将会进行核查。

Oh you trade Donald Trump? Ya I trade charts. Only. Nothing else. Give zero fucks about news. It’s already incorporated in the charts. You think Donald is the only variable on the planet 😂😂 you think all this shit isn’t already slowly embedded in charts? Like I said. Some peeps

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has introduced a new roadmap intended to improve the security and finality of Ethereum’s Layer 2 (L2) rollup solutions. This proposal seeks to address current challenges related to achieving both high scalability and user trust within the broader Ethereum ecosystem. The core plan centers on using a novel “2-of-3 proof system.” This approach combines three distinct types of transaction validation mechanisms simultaneously. These mechanisms would include zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs, standard optimistic proofs, and proofs generated within trusted execution environments (TEEs). ZK proofs provide a cryptographic assurance of transaction validity without revealing underlying data. Optimistic proofs, conversely, assume submitted L2 transactions are valid by default but incorporate a challenge period allowing independent verifiers to dispute potentially fraudulent activities. TEEs utilize specialized secure hardware enclaves to execute code privately and safely, offering another form of verification. Within this proposed multi-proof system, L2 transactions would achieve finality on Ethereum only when at least two of these three different proof mechanisms concur on the outcome. This design reduces reliance on any single proof system’s security assumptions and theoretically enhances overall rollup security guarantees for users. Related: Vitalik Buterin: Fund “Valuable” Open Source Projects, Not Just “Public Goods” Buterin’s roadmap outlines criteria for advancing to Stage 2 rollups, where the goal is to provide near-instant transaction confirmations, high finality, and strong failure resistance, even in semi-trusted environments. Per the proposal, Stage 2 rollups would still adhere to Ethereum’s standard 30-day upgrade delay mechanism. This delay helps maintain overall network stability and security during major software transitions. In addition, the plan addresses Ethereum’s scaling challenges, with upgrades like Pectra and Fusaka set to increase data availability, potentially enabling rollups to handle up to 72 blobs for faster, cheaper transactions. As Ethereum’s L2 solutions mature, achieving faster finality and increased trust is of utmost importance for scalability and user confidence. As such, Buterin’s proposed strategy would increase security but also align with Ethereum’s commitment to decentralization and trust minimization. Furthermore, Buterin advocates for a shift from public goods funding to open-source funding within the crypto community. He argues that the term ‘public good’ is susceptible to social biases, often prioritizing perception over actual impact. Buterin believes that by focusing on open-source funding, the emphasis shifts to transparency and supporting projects that deliver tangible benefits to the ecosystem. Related: Vitalik Buterin’s Six-Month Roadmap for Ethereum: Faster, Fairer, and With AI All things considered, this could be great news for Ethereum as its infrastructure would be strengthened and the transaction efficiency would get a boost. Also, if this turns out to be a big success, it will likely promote sustainable development practices within the blockchain community. Disclaimer: The information presented in this article is for informational and educational purposes only. The article does not constitute financial advice or advice of any kind. Coin Edition is not responsible for any losses incurred as a result of the utilization of content, products, or services mentioned. Readers are advised to exercise caution before taking any action related to the company.

Privacy-focused infrastructure provider 0xbow has launched Privacy Pools, a new blockchain tool that lets users protect their transaction history while attempting to follow the law. On a Mar. 31 post on X, 0xbow announced the mainnet launch, stating that Ethereum ( ETH ) users can now achieve on-chain privacy while avoiding illicit funds. Privacy Pools use zero-knowledge proofs to enable private ERC-20 token transfers. gm Ethereum ☀️ It is our great honor to announce the mainnet launch of Privacy Pools! ETH users can now achieve on-chain privacy, while still dissociating from illicit funds It is now up to all of us to Make Privacy Normal Again 🫡 More info in this thread 👇 pic.twitter.com/3nJO0AxoD1 Unlike earlier privacy mixers, this tool screens deposits to prevent stolen or illicit funds from entering the system. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin is one of the co-authors of the initial Privacy Pools research paper and has publicly supported the project. Following the mainnet launch, Buterin was among the first to deposit ETH into the pool. The system works through “Association Sets,” which batch transactions while verifying they aren’t linked to hackers, scammers, or other bad actors. If a deposit is later flagged, it can be removed without affecting others in the pool. If a user’s deposit doesn’t pass the screening process, they can withdraw their funds back to their original wallet through a “ragequit” function, making Privacy Pools a non-custodial solution. According to 0xbow, Privacy Pools had already processed more than 21 ETH from 69 deposits. The initial deposit cap is set at 1 ETH. However, as the system is tested further, the cap will be raised. In recent years, privacy tools have faced regulatory pressure due to concerns over illegal use. A major obstacle has been striking a balance between user privacy and legal compliance. Several countries have taken action to limit the use of privacy coins like Monero and Zcash due to their growing use in criminal activity. In the most well-known case, Tornado Cash was sanctioned by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury for allegedly facilitating illicit transactions. However, a U.S. appeals court ruled in November 2024 that the sanctions were unlawful and reversed them. According to the court’s ruling, Tornado Cash’s immutable smart contracts do not qualify as “property” that can be seized, and the penalties were unfairly imposed on a decentralized protocol. Whether 0xbow’s new strategy will meet global regulatory requirements is still unknown.