Vitalik proposes the "L2 Security and Finality Roadmap", pointing out the three core directions of Ethereum L2

ChainCatcher news, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin has published a lengthy article titled "A simple L2 security and finalization roadmap". The article outlines three core directions for optimizing the security and finality of Ethereum's L2:

- Expanding data capacity: Through the Pectra upgrade, Blob space will be increased to 6, and expanded to 72 (or gradually increased to 12-24) in the Fusaka upgrade at the end of the year, meeting the demand for L2 transaction throughput;
- Implementing fast finality with a hybrid proof system: Adopting a 2/3 multi-signature mechanism (optimistic proof + ZK proof + TEE trusted hardware proof). If ZK and TEE are verified simultaneously, it is immediately finalized. Single verification requires a combination of a 7-day optimistic challenge period. The Security Committee can urgently upgrade proof logic but is subject to a 30-day delay limit. This balances immediate finality with resistance to attacks.
- Building a unified ZK-proof aggregation layer: Standardizing an ecosystem-wide proof aggregation protocol allows multiple applications to share single-proof costs (such as 500k Gas), significantly reducing ZK verification costs and promoting widespread use in L2 scenarios, privacy protocols etc. The goal of this roadmap is short-term cross-chain bridging within one hour through mixed validation mechanisms while reducing costs; meanwhile aiming long-term full-ZK goals gradually phasing out reliance on TEEs ultimately establishing an efficient, secure and trustless L2 ecosystem.